Medication and ADHD?
My Personal Story
My 17 year old daughter and my 8 year old son were diagnosed with ADHD in 2024 and part of the treatment options for this diagnosis is medication. I work with children with ADHD and often with this population we implement a gluten and dairy free diet. Since ADHD medications was something that I did not have a lot of experience in I went to research the different types of medications and the pros and cons of these what the side effects were and thought I would share this with you.
Medical Disclaimer: Please note this article is just to provide general information and it is not to be used as medical opinion or to replace medical advice. Please speak to your health professional directly in regards to ADHD medication for your child.
There are two main types of stimulant medications for ADHD: methylphenidate (the active ingredient in Ritalin, Concerta, and other formulations) and amphetamine (the active ingredient in Adderall, Vyvanse, and other formulations). Both are available in short-acting and long-acting preparations. While most people respond well to either medication, some may respond better to one than the other. Typically, if one medication isn’t effective or is not well-tolerated, trying the other might be beneficial. According to doctors, about 33% of people respond better to Adderall, 33% to Vyvanse, and 33% can do well on either.
These medications work by increasing levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, chemicals that help improve focus, control impulses, and enhance attention at school or work. Approximately 80% of individuals notice symptom improvement with stimulant medications.
- Stimulant Medications
Stimulants are the most commonly prescribed medications for ADHD and are highly effective for many individuals. They work by increasing neurotransmitter levels, specifically dopamine and norepinephrine, which are crucial for attention and behavior regulation.
- Methylphenidate-Based Stimulants
- Ritalin: One of the oldest and most well-known ADHD medications, Ritalin is available in short-acting (lasting about 3-4 hours), intermediate-acting, and long-acting formulations.
- Concerta: A long-acting form of methylphenidate that provides symptom relief for 8 to 12 hours. Concerta must be swallowed whole, as it cannot be chewed or opened. This requirement can be problematic for some children.
- Focalin: Available in both short-acting and extended-release forms, Focalin is a refined version of methylphenidate and may have fewer side effects.
- Amphetamine-Based Stimulants
- Adderall: A combination of amphetamine salts, Adderall is available in both immediate-release and extended-release forms, effective for 10-12 hours. It comes in a capsule with beads that can be opened and mixed with food.
- Vyvanse: A prodrug of dextroamphetamine, Vyvanse provides a smoother onset and can last up to 14 hours, though it may take longer to start working in the morning. It can come is a chewable form making it easier for younger children to take.
- Dexedrine: Contains dextroamphetamine and is available in short-acting and long-acting forms.
Stimulants may cause side effects such as decreased appetite and weight loss. It is crucial for children on these medications to have a good breakfast, including protein and healthy fats, as they might not eat lunch and could seek out treats aggressively when their medication wears off at the end of the school day sending blood sugars soaring.
Other potential side effects of Adderall and Vyvanse include:
- Anxiety or jitters
- Insomnia
- Stomach pain
- Increase heart rate
- headaches
- Loss of appetite
- Weight loss
- Irritability
- Vomiting
- Mood swings
- Dry mouth
- Skin rash
- Restlessness
- Tremors
- Tics
- Diarrhea
- Constipation
- Crankiness
- Hives
Are Amphetamine-Based ADHD Medications Addictive?
Stimulants are controlled substances, meaning they have the potential for misuse and addiction. Prescriptions are often limited for this reason. While it is possible to abuse or become dependent on any stimulant, the risk may be lower with Adderall XR and Vyvanse, as they are designed to release their active chemicals slowly. Vyvanse, in particular, is processed in the body before it becomes active, which can reduce the risk of misuse.
Can ADHD Medication Help with Depression and Anxiety?
ADHD often co-occurs with anxiety, and about 50% of individuals with ADHD also have an anxiety disorder. Certain ADHD medications, particularly stimulants, can cause physical anxiety symptoms like increased heart rate and difficulty sleeping, which might worsen anxiety symptoms in those with co-occurring anxiety disorders. However, ADHD medications may also help alleviate feelings of being overwhelmed, disorganised and distracted and with increased focus can help a person to experience less anxiety and stress.
Conclusion
ADHD medications are a cornerstone of treatment for many individuals, significantly improving their quality of life. Whether stimulant or non-stimulant, the choice of medication is highly individualized, taking into account specific symptoms, potential side effects, and personal preferences. If you are looking for a more diet focused approach or nutrition strategies to implement in conjunction with medication then collaborating with healthcare providers experienced working with ADHD can help ensure a tailored approach to managing ADHD symptoms effectively.
