Why is Hydration so Important After a Brain Injury?

by Kylie James | Jun 2, 2026 | Health & Wellness, Koru Nutrition Blog, Uncategorized

The importance of hydration after a brain injury is crucial for recovery. Hydration is often overlooked, but an important part for individuals who have sustained a concussion or a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Water isn’t just a basic requirement for life; it plays a  role in cognitive function, neural repair, metabolic balance, and overall brain health. Research and clinical observations consistently show that maintaining adequate hydration can support healing, reduce symptoms, and improve outcomes after brain trauma.

The human brain is composed of approximately 73% water, making it one of the most water- rich organs in the body. This high water content is crucial for maintaining the brain’s structure and function, as it helps regulate temperature, protect neural tissues, and facilitate chemical reactions needed for brain activity.

Water isn’t just about quenching thirst—it’s a key player in brain health, energy levels, and emotional balance. And here’s the good news: staying hydrated doesn’t have to be boring. Herbal teas and hot-infused water can add comfort, flavour, and extra benefits to your daily hydration habits

Why Hydration Matters After Brain Injury

Supports Cognitive Function

Water helps maintain blood flow and oxygen delivery to the brain, improving focus, memory, and mental clarity.

Shock Absorption:

The brain is cushioned within the skull by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which is largely water. This fluid acts as a shock absorber, protecting the delicate brain tissue from physical trauma and injury.

Promotes Neuroplasticity and Optimizes Function

Adequate hydration aids the brain’s ability to repair and form new neural connections—essential during recovery. Water facilitates the efficient transmission of electrical signals between neurons. These signals are the foundation of all brain activity, including thought, memory, and movement

Temperature Regulation

The brain is extremely sensitive to temperature fluctuations. Water plays a critical role in maintaining a stable temperature, protecting brain cells from overheating, especially during periods of intense activity.

Transports Nutrients and Reduces Symptoms

Water acts as a crucial medium for transporting essential nutrients, like glucose and oxygen, to the brain cells (neurons) that require them to function properly. These nutrients are vital for energy production and maintaining cell health. As such even mild dehydration can worsen headaches, fatigue, mood swings, and brain fog, which are already common post-injury.

Detoxifies the Brain

Hydration supports the glymphatic system, which clears waste and reduces inflammation. It is also responsible for carrying away metabolic waste products produced by brain cells. This ensures a clean and efficient internal environment, preventing the buildup of toxins that could impair cognitive function.

Hydration and Cognitive Function

Dehydration has well‑established negative effects on cognitive performance in general populations, and similar mechanisms likely apply in brain injury recovery. Research indicates that even mild dehydration can impair attention, short‑term memory, reaction time, and executive function, all of which are critical cognitive domains often affected after brain injury.

For example, in studies of healthy individuals, dehydration has been shown to decrease brain volume, increase fatigue, and reduce attention and memory performance—effects that improve with adequate rehydration. These findings provide a biological rationale for prioritizing hydration in anyone recovering from brain trauma.

Hydration and Symptom Management after Concussion

After a concussion—a mild form of TBI—individuals often experience symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, fatigue, irritability, and brain fog. Dehydration can worsen or mimic these symptoms, making it harder to assess true recovery progress and complicating symptom management. Staying well hydrated helps minimize these effects and supports clearer thinking and better overall energy levels.

Practical hydration strategies can include:

• Drinking regular amounts of water throughout the day, not just when thirsty
• Including electrolyte‑containing fluids if needed (especially in hot weather or after physical activity)
• Enjoying hydrating foods such as fruits, vegetables, and smoothies

Clinicians sometimes recommend drinking roughly 8–12 cups (about 2–3 litres) of non‑caffeinated fluids daily for post‑concussion hydration, although individual needs vary based on body size, activity levels, and environmental conditions.

Hydration’s Role in Brain Detox and Waste Clearance

Hydration also supports the brain’s metabolic detoxification pathways, including the glymphatic system—an essential waste‑clearance mechanism that removes metabolic byproducts and toxins from the brain, particularly during sleep. Adequate hydration appears to promote this clearance process, which may help reduce inflammation and support neural recovery after injury.

Signs You Might Be Dehydrated After a Brain Injury

Because dehydration can worsen cognitive and physical symptoms, it’s important for individuals recovering from brain injury to recognize common signs of insufficient fluid intake, including:

• Headaches or increased headache frequency
• Fatigue or lethargy
• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Poor concentration and mental fog
• Dry mouth
• Reduced frequency of going to the washroom
• Skin that doesn’t flatten back right away after being pinched.
• Dark yellow or orange urine
• Sunken eyes
• Low blood pressure
• Constipation
• Muscle cramps

Some of these signs can overlap with brain injury symptoms themselves, which is why consistent hydration monitoring is particularly important during recovery.

Practical Tips for Staying Hydrated

To support brain healing, try these hydration strategies:

• Use a water bottle throughout the day – may want to consider a motivational water bottle that can help track your fluid intake throughout the day
• Set reminders on your phone to drink water at regular intervals
• Include hydrating foods (e.g., watermelon, oranges, cucumbers) in your diet
• Avoid excessive caffeine and sugary drinks, which can contribute to dehydration
• Aim for half your body weight in ounces of water daily (e.g., 80 oz for 160 lbs).
• Start the day with a glass of water to rehydrate after sleep.
• Sip herbal tea or infused water between meals and therapy sessions.
• Watch for signs of dehydration: headaches, fatigue, irritability, dry mouth.
• Include electrolytes if sweating due to heat, exercise, or medication.

Even small, regular sips of water can help maintain fluid balance and support cognitive performance.

Best Fluids to Include

1. Herbal Tea & Hot-Infused Water: Warm beverages can be soothing and hydrating, making them ideal for survivors and caregivers. Herbal teas especially contain other nutrients and therapeutic benefits
   • Lemon Balm Tea – Calms stress and improves focus
   • Chamomile Tea – Promotes relaxation and better sleep
   • Peppermint Tea – Refreshes and aids digestion
   • Ginger Tea – Reduces inflammation and nausea
   • Rooibos, Hibiscus, Turmeric Teas – Rich in antioxidants for overall health
2. Add natural flavour to water with lemon, cucumber, or herbs
3. Stevia-sweetened liquid enhancers to water
4. Sparkling water or soda water (not tonic water, as it is loaded with sugar)
5. Soups and stews 
6. Bone broth 
7. Protein shakes 
8. Vegetable juices
9. Low sugar coconut water
10. Kefir
11. Kombucha
12. Electrolyte drinks 

Conclusion

Hydration is a foundational yet frequently underestimated factor in brain injury recovery. Because the brain depends on water for nutrient delivery, waste clearance, and optimal electrical functioning, maintaining adequate hydration can help reduce cognitive symptoms, support neural repair, help with headaches and fatigue and improve overall recovery outcomes. Whether managing a mild concussion or recovering from a more severe TBI, prioritizing proper hydration should be an essential part of any recovery plan and rehab program.

9 Best Supplements that Can Help with Anxiety

by Kylie James | May 14, 2026 | Health & Wellness, Koru Nutrition Blog, Uncategorized

Supplements for anxiety are becoming increasingly popular as more people seek natural ways to manage stress and improve their mood. Therapy and lifestyle changes remain foundational, but targeted nutrition also plays a powerful role.

Supplements for anxiety can play an important role in supporting mental health. Anxiety is one of the most common mental health concerns today, affecting millions of people. Anxiety rates have roughly doubled In Canada from 2012 to 2022 from 2.6% to 5.2% and this increase is highest in youth, especially young women, where rates have tripled in some groups.

Anxiety often shows up as persistent worry, restlessness, poor sleep, and difficulty concentrating. Therapy and lifestyle changes are foundational, although research increasingly supports the role of targeted nutrition and nutritional supplements.  Certain nutrients and herbs have been shown to help regulate the nervous system, support stress hormones, and promote a sense of calm. From nutrients that support neurotransmitter balance to herbs that help the body adapt to stress, the right supplements can be a valuable addition to managing anxiety naturally and effectively.

GABA

GABA is a neurotransmitter that helps send messages throughout the central nervous system. It functions as an inhibitory neurotransmitter by blocking certain nerve transmissions, which prevents those messages from passing to other neurons. This slowdown in messaging can produce a calming effect, potentially helping to control anxiety, stress, and fear.

A study of 30 people suggested GABA-enriched oolong tea was linked with lower short-term stress scores than regular oolong tea. Although GABA can be taken in pill form best results are seen when taken sublingually through a spray or a powder on the tongue.

Holy Basil

Holy basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum) — also known as tulsi — is a staple herb in Ayurveda, an ancient Indian form of medicine still practiced today.

Some research shows that holy basil may help lower anxiety and stress. One study found that people taking holy basil reported better mood and also had lower levels of the stress hormone cortisol. It can also helps to balance blood sugars which is another factor that can increase cortisol.

Ashwagandha

Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) is another herb in Ayurvedic medicine. Research shows it may lower anxiety and reduce stress hormones (like cortisol). It may also improve sleep quality, which is often affected when someone has anxiety.

A 2023 study examined the effects of Ashwagandha root extract (500 mg daily), combined with a small amount of piperine, for 60 days in healthy people who had mild to moderate stress or anxiety. The researchers found that people reported feeling less stressed and anxious, and an improved quality of life, focus, and multitasking skills. They also had lower levels of the stress hormone cortisol and higher levels of serotonin, compared to those taking a placebo. Similarly, a 2022 study claimed supplementation has a beneficial effect on both stress and anxiety. For anyone seeking effective supplements for anxiety, ashwagandha shows strong promise in the research.

One 2019 small double-blind study in 60 adults with insomnia and anxiety found that taking 600 mg of ashwagandha daily for 10 weeks resulted in significant improvements in anxiety and insomnia scores, compared with the placebo.

Another recent small study found that healthy adults taking 600 mg of ashwagandha daily for 8 weeks had significantly lower cortisol (stress hormone) levels, perceived stress scores, and anxiety levels compared with those taking a placebo or a lower dose. These results show why ashwagandha is a trusted supplement for anxiety and overall stress management.

Chamomile

Chamomile is one of the most widely used herbal remedies worldwide. There are two main types: Roman and German chamomile. They share many similarities. But German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) has higher levels of active compounds thought to contribute to its anti-anxiety effect.

There’s evidence that chamomile has calming and antidepressant effects. It appears to be safe for long-term use as a tea or supplement. In one review, 9 out of 10 studies found that chamomile was helpful for anxiety.

Chamomile may be calming because it contains a chemical called apigenin, which binds to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors in the brain. It has a similar effect to benzodiazepines.

Chamomile may cause allergic reactions in people sensitive to ragweed. It can also interact with some medicines, such as cyclosporine and warfarin. You should talk to a healthcare professional before using chamomile if you’re taking any medications.

Passionflower

Passionflower (Passiflora incarnata) is a plant with an edible fruit that may have some natural benefits for anxiety. In some studies, passionflower was comparable to two prescription medications — oxazepam or midazolam — in treating anxiety. This herb is also considered safe, with minimal side effects.

In one study, 40 participants were given either passionflower or midazolam (an anti-anxiety drug) 30 minutes before a tooth extraction. The study found that passionflower and midazolam reduced symptoms of anxiety about the same. Additionally, unlike midazolam, passionflower did not cause negative side effects, like amnesia, after the operation.

Like chamomile, the active components of passionflower are thought to interact with GABA receptors in the brain, producing a calming effect. In addition to anxiety, passionflower may also reduce symptoms like neuropathic pain, depression and insomnia.

Lemon Balm

Lemon balm is an oil derived from the leaves of a perennial shrub (Melissa officinalis). It has been used as a muscle relaxant and sedative worldwide for hundreds of years. Research shows that lemon balm improves anxiety and depression symptoms, cognition, and other mood disorders and is generally safe to use.

Studies suggest that supplements containing 1,000–500 mg of lemon balm may help ease symptoms of anxiety.

One study in 67 adults with insomnia found that taking a supplement containing 1,000 mg of lemon balm and 400 mg of lavender every night for 4 weeks resulted in significant improvements in insomnia symptoms and anxiety and depression scores.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Omega-3 fatty acids are a type of healthy fat that support heart health and are important building blocks for cells throughout the body.

There is good evidence that omega-3 fatty acid supplements can help improve anxiety symptoms. Studies suggest that around 2 g per day is most effective, while lower doses may not provide the same benefit.

You can also increase your omega-3 intake through your diet. Some rich sources of omega-3s are fatty fish, chia seeds, flaxseeds and walnuts

Magnesium

Magnesium plays a key role in the nervous system and has been studied as a natural option for reducing anxiety symptoms. A systematic review of clinical trials suggests that magnesium supplementation may benefit people with subjective anxiety, particularly in individuals who are vulnerable to stress or have mild anxiety.

Some research also indicates that combining magnesium with vitamin B6 may enhance its effects on anxiety and perceived stress, possibly by improving cellular uptake and neurotransmitter balance.

Magnesium bisglycinate is the best form of magnesium to take for anxiety, promote relaxation and is generally gentle on digestion.

For example, a 2024 systematic review of 15 studies found that magnesium supplements are likely effective in easing mild anxiety, particularly in individuals with low magnesium levels to start.

Vitamin D

Many people are deficient in or have suboptimal levels of vitamin D, a fat-soluble nutrient that’s essential for brain function and mood regulation.

Studies show that vitamin D inadequacy or deficiency is particularly common in people with mental health conditions, including anxiety disorders. Indeed, a 2024 study found that having higher vitamin D levels in your blood was associated with a lower risk of anxiety. However, this does not prove that vitamin D reduces anxiety, only that they are linked.

Keep in mind that while higher dose vitamin D supplements may be necessary to treat deficiency, for people who simply want to maintain healthy vitamin D levels, a supplement that provides 1,000–3,000 IU per day may be more appropriate.

Summary

Supporting anxiety naturally is important, combining lifestyle changes with supplements such as magnesium, omega-3s, vitamin D, and adaptogenic herbs that help regulate the nervous system and stress response. Many of these supplements for anxiety work by nourishing the nervous system and balancing stress hormones.

Choosing the right supplements for anxiety depends on your individual needs. A personalized approach is essential, as what your body requires may differ from someone else’s. Always consult a healthcare professional to determine the most appropriate options for you.

The Ultimate Guide To Ashwagandha

by Kylie James | Mar 12, 2026 | Health & Wellness, Koru Nutrition Blog, Uncategorized

What Is Ashwagandha?

Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), also known as Indian ginseng or winter cherry, is a traditional Ayurvedic herb that has been used for thousands of years to support overall health and well-being.

Ashwagandha has also been associated with improved cognitive function, including memory and focus, as well as enhanced energy and physical performance. In addition, research suggests it may support immune function, reduce inflammation, and help regulate blood sugar levels (3,4). Some studies also indicate potential benefits for hormone balance and reproductive health.

Ashwagandha is best known for its ability to support resilience to physical and mental stress by lowering levels of the stress hormone cortisol, which can inturn help to adress other stress related problems such as mood, reduce anxiety, and support better sleep. In Ayurvedic medicine, it is considered the one of the best adaptogens.

Unlike synthetic medications that target a single pathway, adaptogens like ashwagandha work more broadly, helping regulate the body’s stress response and improve resilience during periods of physical or emotional stress. Ashwagandha contains a variety of bioactive compounds — most notably withanolides — which have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. These compounds play a key role in balancing and regulating our stress hormones.

Ashwagandha can help regulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which controls the body’s stress response. By supporting healthy cortisol levels — the body’s primary stress hormone — ashwagandha can help the body better adapt to physical and mental stress. (2) Because stress plays a major role in many modern health concerns, adaptogen herbs such as ashwagandha are increasingly being used as part of holistic wellness programs.

Top Health Benefits of Ashwagandha

1. Stress Reduction & Anxiety Relief

One of the most well-studied benefits of ashwagandha is its ability to reduce stress and anxiety. Some evidence suggests that ashwagandha may influence neurotransmitters such as GABA and serotonin, which are involved in mood regulation and stress resilience. (3)

Several clinical trials have shown that daily supplementation — particularly at doses between 500–600 mg per day — can significantly lower perceived stress, anxiety scores, and cortisol levels compared to placebo. (2) This adaptogenic effect makes it one of the most popular herbal options for individuals experiencing chronic stress, workplace burnout, or anxiety-related symptoms.

2. Improved Sleep Quality

Ashwagandha may also help support better sleep. Small studies involving individuals with insomnia or poor sleep patterns have shown that supplementing with ashwagandha can help people fall asleep faster, sleep more deeply, and wake less frequently during the night.

A 2021 review found that taking at least 600 mg daily for eight weeks significantly improved sleep quality and reduced anxiety in individuals experiencing chronic stress. (5)

3. Enhanced Immune Function

Emerging evidence suggests that ashwagandha may support immune system activity. In one study, participants taking ashwagandha extract for 1 month showed improvements in markers of both natural and adaptive immune responses, suggesting enhanced defences against infections. (6)

Supporting the immune system also involves a strong nutritional foundation. Foods rich in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory nutrients play an important role in maintaining immune resilience.

4. Hormonal & Reproductive Health

Ashwagandha has also been studied for its potential effects on hormonal balance — particularly testosterone and reproductive health in men. Research suggests that doses in the 300–600 mg range may increase testosterone levels, sperm count, and motility in men with suboptimal reproductive markers. (7)

5. Cognitive Function & Memory

Preliminary research suggests that ashwagandha may support brain health, including memory, focus, reaction time, and cognitive performance. These benefits are thought to be related to the herb’s antioxidant effects and potential influence on neuronal signalling pathways. However, larger human studies are still needed. (8)

6. Anti-Inflammatory & Antioxidant Effects

Chronic inflammation is associated with aging and a variety of health concerns, including cardiovascular disease, arthritis, and metabolic disorders. Ashwagandha’s anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties may help reduce inflammatory markers and support overall cellular resilience. (9)

Health Conditions Ashwagandha May Help With

Although research is still evolving, ashwagandha is commonly used — under professional guidance — to support individuals experiencing:

• Chronic stress and anxiety
• Insomnia or poor sleep quality
• Reduced immune resilience
• Hormonal imbalance
• Mild cognitive decline
• Inflammatory conditions

It’s important to remember that not all of these uses have strong clinical evidence. Many benefits are based on traditional use and smaller human studies. Always consult a healthcare professional before starting a new supplement regimen.

Who Should Not Take Ashwagandha?

Although ashwagandha is generally well tolerated for most healthy adults when used short-term (typically up to three months), certain individuals should avoid it or consult a healthcare provider first. These include

• Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals
• People with autoimmune conditions such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, or multiple sclerosis
• Individuals with thyroid disorders
• Those with hormone-sensitive cancers
• Individuals with liver disease

Ashwagandha may also interact with medications, including:

• Sedatives or anti-anxiety medications
• Blood pressure medications
• Diabetes medications
• Immunosuppressants
• Thyroid hormone treatments
• Benzodiazepines or anticonvulsants

It should also be discontinued at least two weeks prior to surgery due to potential interactions with anesthesia and blood pressure regulation.

Side Effects & Safety

Most people tolerate ashwagandha well at recommended doses. However, some mild side effects may occur. These can include:

• Gastrointestinal discomfort (nausea or diarrhea)
• Drowsiness
• Headache or dizziness

Although rare, isolated cases of liver injury have been reported, emphasizing the importance of using high-quality supplements and professional guidance, particularly for long-term use.

Optimal Ashwagandha Dosing

There is no universally established dose for ashwagandha because research varies depending on extract type and intended health outcome. However, common evidence-based guidelines include:

Stress & Anxiety: 225–600 mg per day of standardized extract, often taken as 300 mg twice daily for 6–8 weeks.

Sleep Support: Around 600 mg per day, typically taken in divided doses or before bedtime.

Immune Support: Lower doses, such as 60 mg per day, have shown improvements in certain immune markers in smaller studies.

Hormonal & Performance Support: 300–600 mg twice daily has been used in studies examining testosterone levels, fertility, and physical performance.

Most clinical studies evaluate supplementation for 8–12 weeks, and experts generally recommend limiting use to short-term periods unless supervised by a healthcare professional.

How To Take It

You can take Ashwagandha in a capsule or powder form and can incorporate it into your hot drinks or smoothies. An example of incorporating it into a hot drink as part of a calming evening routine is to make this simple  Ashwagandha Moon Milk Recipe

Ashwagandha is generally considered safe for many people when taken in moderate doses for short- to medium-term use, and several clinical studies have used it safely for 8–12 weeks. Some people do continue taking it longer under professional guidance, but long-term use is still being studied, so many practitioners recommend periodic breaks. This is mainly because most research has focused on shorter durations, meaning there is less data on safety beyond several months of continuous use.

One reason to be cautious with long-term use is its potential effects on hormones and the endocrine system. Ashwagandha can influence cortisol levels and may also affect thyroid hormones by increasing T3 and T4 in some individuals. While this can be beneficial for some people, those with thyroid conditions—particularly hyperthyroidism—could experience unwanted effects if the herb is taken continuously without monitoring.

For many people, a common approach is to take ashwagandha for 8–12 weeks and then take a break for several weeks before resuming if needed. This allows the body to reset and helps reduce the chance of tolerance or unwanted effects. Overall, long-term use may be appropriate for some individuals, but it is generally best done with periodic breaks and guidance from a qualified healthcare practitioner.

Summary

Ashwagandha is an adaptogenic herb widely used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine and increasingly supported by modern research for its potential health benefits. Evidence suggests that ashwagandha may help reduce stress and anxiety by lowering cortisol levels and supporting the body’s resilience to physical and psychological stress. It has also been associated with improvements in sleep quality, cognitive function, mood, energy levels, physical performance, and muscle strength, while others suggest it may support healthy blood sugar levels, reduce inflammation, and enhance immune function. Additionally, emerging research shows potential roles in supporting male fertility.

Overall, ashwagandha is considered a versatile botanical that may promote overall wellbeing, particularly in individuals experiencing chronic stress or fatigue.

If you want more strategies on how to manage your stress please check out our article Best Foods to Manage Stress

References

1. Kubala, J., & Spritzler, F. (2023). Health benefits of ashwagandha, based on research. Healthline.
2. Office of Dietary Supplements. (2023). Ashwagandha Fact Sheet for Consumers. National Institutes of Health.
3. Cleveland Clinic. (2025). What Is Ashwagandha? Uses and Potential Benefits.
4. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. (2023). Ashwagandha: Usefulness and Safety.
5. Salve, J., et al. (2019). Effect of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) extract on sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PubMed Central.
6. Wankhede, S., et al. (2015). Immunomodulatory effect of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) extract—A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. MDPI.
7. Dongre, S., et al. (2015). Effects of Withania somnifera on reproductive system: A systematic review of available evidence. PubMed Central.
8. WebMD. (2024). Ashwagandha: Uses, benefits, and side effects.
9. Grover, A., et al. (2012). Tackling chronic inflammation with withanolide phytochemicals—A Withaferin A perspective. PubMed Central.