The COVID-19 global pandemic changed how life looked for most of us. Hours spent stuck in traffic, packing lunches, and long days at work or school quickly turned into working or learning remotely, snacking on the couch, and more time spent at home with the family. These changes brought on unique stressors of their own which challenged us to adapt and pivot. It has been over a year and half since the first lockdown began, and we are now in a position to adjust again to reintegrating back to school and work, potentially in new ways, or just adjusting to getting back after being off for so long.

While some of these changes may feel exciting, other changes are likely bringing feelings of apprehension for many of us. After growing accustomed to remote learning and working, beginning to join our peers and colleagues at school and work once again, comes with unique stressors that may lead to increased feelings of anxiety. 

The following nutrition tips will focus on how to best cope with these feelings of anxiety by adjusting what we put into our body. It is important to note that experiencing feelings of anxiety is different than living with an anxiety disorder, where these feelings are prolonged and intensified. In this case it is always recommended to seek assistance from an appropriate medical professional such as a naturopathic doctor, your family doctor, and/or an experienced mental health professional. 

Get More Vitamin D

Vitamin D is famously known as the “sunshine vitamin”. This is because when our skin is exposed to sunlight, vitamin D is produced naturally by our bodies. However, you can also get vitamin D through certain foods and supplementation. This is important to consider when living in the northern hemisphere where the access to sunlight is significantly reduced, especially as we enter into the winter months. 

Deficient levels of vitamin D are well correlated with symptoms of depression, but more research is showing insufficient vitamin D levels are correlated with individuals with anxiety disorders (1) as well as with fibromyalgia patients with increased anxiety symptoms (2). More recently, researchers have tested vitamin D as a supplement for supporting anxiety symptoms, with positive results. Women with type 2 diabetes who demonstrated significant anxiety symptoms were provided with weekly vitamin D supplementation for six months. Outcome measures showed a significant decrease in anxiety symptoms, suggesting that vitamin D supplementation can improve mood (3)!  

A reliable source of vitamin D is from oily fish such as salmon, mackerel, and sardines! Our brand-new recipe for one pot Mediterranean mackerel pasta is an excellent option get your vitamin D. For individuals looking for non-animal options for vitamin D, mushrooms can also be a good source, (4). If you’re looking for a new mushroom recipe, take a look at our Glazed Mushroom and Edamame Stir Fry! 

But despite your best effort vitamin D is hard to get from food sources alone and supplementation is highly recommended. Check out this great vitamin D supplement. 

Incorporate Omega-3 Fatty Acids In Your Diet

The brain, in particular, is highly concentrated in PUFAs including omega-3s. The brain uses omega-3s to help maintain the functioning of our brain cells. They surround our brain cells to help preserve cell membranes and improve communication between cells (5). When communication between our brain cells is optimized it positively impacts both our thinking skills as well as our mood. Research that demonstrated that reduced dietary intake of omega 3 was associated with an increase in depression and anxiety disorders (6). 

With the marked association between Omega 3 and mood disorders. A systematic review examined 19 clinical trials who used omega-3 supplementation with individuals with clinical anxiety symptomology, the omega-3 supplementation significant improved anxiety symptoms (7).

How can you make sure that you’re consuming sufficient levels of omega-3s?

The most abundant sources of omega-3s are fatty fish including salmon, sardines, mackerel, and herring. Check out Smoked Salmon and Avocado Toast recipe as a fun way to get more salmon into your breakfast! Given that these fish are such rich sources of omega-3s, many supplements are derived from fish oils. However, for plant-based options, flax and chia seeds are high sources of omega-3s that can be incorporated into your diet. 

Load Up On B-Vitamins

The B-complex is actually a group of water-soluble B-vitamins, meaning that your body does not store these vitamins in fat tissue, therefore it gets used up in the body quickly. The B-complex includes a list of well-known vitamins such as thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, folate, and more. These individual vitamins have been grouped into the B-complex as they are commonly found together in similar foods and often rely on each other for optimal performance in the body. Evidence suggests B-complex supplementation can assist in managing mood, including anxiety symptoms.

In a recent study on over 7000 adults, the relationship between B-vitamin intake and anxiety-symptoms was examined. Researchers found that a higher intake of B-vitamins was correlated with lower odds of anxiety (8). A separate study explored the effect of supplementation of B-vitamins in combination with Ashwagandha, on anxiety symptoms in adult women. It was found that after four weeks of supplementation, anxiety symptoms, measured both by self-report questionnaires and physiological responses (i.e. heart rate), were reduced (9).

The B vitamins are commonly found together in food, meaning that you shouldn’t have to focus on incorporating multiple food sources to get all of your B-vitamins in! Leafy greens, including spinach and kale are high in B-vitamins, particularly folate. Eggs are also a good source of B-vitamins, including biotin! Check out Quinoa Kale and Fritter recipe which contains both of these ingredients to bump up your B-vitamin intake! 

Drink your Chamomile Tea

Chamomile is one the most well-recognized herbs in the world. It has been used for thousands of years in traditional medicine to calm anxiety and anxiety-related symptoms, such as upset stomach. Most commonly, chamomile is consumed as a tea, best had before bed due to its relaxing properties. 

Anxiety-related disorders have been associated with increased levels of inflammation in the brain. Neuroimaging demonstrated increased inflammation in anxiety-related areas of the brain, which correlated with anxiety behaviours (10). Chamomile is known to have anti-inflammatory effects. Specifically, research has demonstrated that chamomile actually inhibits the gene expression of molecules that increase inflammation, such as nitric oxide (11). Secondly, chamomile is also believed to provide calming effects through its modulation of neurotransmitters related to mood. For example, chamomile is able to bind to a neurotransmitter referred to as GABA, and when it does so, it leads to feelings of sleepiness (12). Chamomile, specifically its flavonoid compounds, down-regulate the HPA axis, resulting in reduced anxiety symptoms (13). 

With a better understanding of these mechanisms, it is evident why studies evaluating the long-term effects of chamomile on Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), found positive results. Researchers found that 38 weeks of chamomile extract treatment significantly reduced moderate and severe symptoms of GAD (14). 

Eat Less Refined Sugar 

Lastly, it is important to mention the role refined sugar can play in triggering feelings of anxiety. There is a marked difference between refined sugars and natural sugars, such as those found in fruits. Natural sugars, when consumed in their whole food form, are digested slower and therefore do not result in large spikes and dips in your blood sugar levels. Natural sugars are also found in foods, such as fruits, which contain fibre and essential vitamins for our body. On the other hand, refined sugar, which typically comes from cane sugar goes through processing to extract the sugar and does not contain essential vitamins. Consumption of refined sugar leads to large spikes and dips in your blood sugar, which impacts mood stability. We’ve all been “hangry”, right?

The relationship between blood sugar and symptoms of anxiety has been exemplified by studies finding a correlation between diagnosis of diabetes and anxiety symptoms. One study examining this correlation found that adults with diabetes were 20% more likely to be diagnosed with anxiety compared to healthy controls (15). This evidence suggests that removing refined sugar from your diet is likely a smart strategy to help manage anxiety symptoms.

While individuals may find it difficult to cut out refined sugar from their diet, an effective strategy may be to find healthier replacement. Maple syrup is an option that fits this description and has been recently used in Koru’s Apple Berry Crisp recipe. It is important to note that adding maple syrup to your current diet is not recommended, but rather using this an alternative to the refined sugar you are currently consuming. For more on this topic, check out our article on best sugar alternatives.

In Summary

It isn’t uncommon to be experiencing feelings of anxiety during this challenging time. However, by supporting your body through your food choices, you have the power to better manage these feelings.

We hope you  find these nutrition tips helpful! If you feel you would benefit from more one-on-one support with adjusting your diet to support your mood, you can book an appointment with one of our clinicians here.

References

1. Bicikova, M., Duskova, M., Vitku, J., Kalvachova, B., Ripova, D., Mohr, P., & Starka, L. (2015). Vitamin D in anxiety and affective disorders. Physiology Research, 64(2), 101-103. doi: 10.33549/physiolres.933082 
2. Armstrong, D., Meenagh, G., Bickle, I., Lee, A., Curran, E., & Finch, M. (2007). Vitamin D deficiency is associated with anxiety and depression in fibromyalgia. Clinical Rheumatology, 26, 551-554. doi: 10.1007/s10067-006-0348-5
3. Byrn, M., Adams, W., Emanuele, M., Mumby, P., Kouba, J., & Wallis, D. (2017). Vitamin D Supplementation Improves Mood in Women with Type 2 Diabetes. Journal of Diabetes Research, 2017, 1-11. doi: 10.1155/2017/823863. 
4. Cardwell, G., Bornman, J., James, A., & Black, L. (2018). A Review of Mushrooms as a Potential Source of Dietary Vitamin D. Nutrients, 10(10), 1498. doi: 10.3390/nu10101498. 
5. Dyall, S. (2015). Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids and the brain: a review of the independent and shared effects of EPA, DPA, and DHA. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 7, 52. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00052
6. Müller, C. P., Reichel, M., Mühle, C., Rhein, C., Gulbins, E., & Kornhuber, J. (2015). Brain membrane lipids in major depression and anxiety disorders. Biochemical Journal, 1851, 1052–1065. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.12.014
7. Su, K., Tseng, P., & Lin, P. (2018). Association of Use of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids with Changes in Severity of Anxiety Symptoms. JAMA Network Open, 1(5), 1823-1827. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.2327
8. Mahdavifar, B., Hossseinzadeh, M., Salehi-Abargouei, A., Mirzaei, M., & Vafa, M. (2021). Dietary Intake of B vitamins and their association with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms: A cross-sectional, population-based survey. Journal of Affective Disorders, 288(1), 92-98. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.03.055
9. Li, I. (2020). Stress & anxiety improvements with Ashwagandha and B-vitamins. University of Delaware, 2020. https://udspace.udel.edu/handle/19716/28420
10. Felger, J. (2018). Imaging the Role of Inflammation in Mood and Anxiety-related Disorders. Current Neuropharmacology, 16(5), 533-558. doi: 10.2174/1570159X15666171123201142
11. Bhaskaran, N., Shukla S., Srivastava, J., & Gupta, S. (2010). Chamomile, an anti-inflammatory agent inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase expression by blocking RelA/p65 activity. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 26(6), 935-940. doi: 10.3892/ijmm_00000545
12. Amsterdam, J., Li, Q., Xie, S., & Mao, J. (2020). Putative Antidepressant Effect of Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) Oral Extract in Subjects with Comorbid Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Depression. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 26(9), 813-819. doi: 10.1089/acm.2019.0252
13. Keefe, J., Guo, W., Li, Q., Amsterdam, J., & Mao, J. (2018). An Exploratory Study of Salivary Cortisol Changes During Chamomile Extract Therapy of Moderate to Severe Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 96. 189-195. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.10.011
14. Mao, J., Xie, S., Keefe, J., Soeller, I., Li, Q., & Amsterdam, J. (2016). Long-term Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized clinical trial. Phytomedicine, 23(14), 1735-1742. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.10.012
15. Li, C., Barker, L., Ford, E., Zhang, X., Strine, T., & Mokdad, A. (2008). Diabetes and anxiety in US adults: findings from the 2006 behavioural risk facto surveillance system. Diabetic Medicine, 25(7), 878-881. doi: 10.111/j.1464-5491.2008.02477.x 

There are so many diets out there, that it can be completely overwhelming. You can’t turn on the TV, listen to the radio, or use social media without being subjected to advertising or discussions about the latest diet craze. It is hard to know where to start, and what the right diet is for you.

So, we are here to provide some guidance and insight to some of the current common diets. The 4 diets we are exploring today:

1. Mediterranean Diet
2. Vegetarian
3. “Flexitarian” Diet
4. “Paleo”

The Mediterranean Diet

The Mediterranean diet is one of the most researched diets in the world, as it has been around for centuries. In short, the Mediterranean Diet is based on the traditional foods eaten in Mediterranean regions such as Italy and Greece. The Mediterranean diet is considered to be the “best overall diet” by US News & World Report and many others in the nutrition and health world. Plus, the Mediterranean Diet is known to be beneficial for heart health and diabetes, plus it’s super easy to follow!

What Is The Mediterranean Diet

A traditional Mediterranean Diet is rich in plant-based foods including fruits,

vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts and seeds, and moderate amounts of red wine (yes, wine!); as well as plenty of good quality fats, with the main dietary fat being extra virgin olive oil; as well as fish, poultry, fresh dairy, and eggs. Red meat is used sparingly, and on a traditional Mediterranean Diet there is avoidance of added sugars, refined grains and oils, and other highly processed foods.

The Mediterranean Diet is flexible, simple to follow, and delicious! Plus, individuals typically feel satisfied and satiated thanks to the high-fibre content of the various plant-foods and goods fats being consumed.

Pros

• Nutritionally sound/well researched
• Diverse foods and flavours
• Promotes heart health
• Better diabetes prevention and management
• Mental health benefits
• Weight management
• Reduced inflammatory markers
• Cancer prevention
• Environmentally friendly

Cons

• Some foods are costly
• Additional guidance may be necessary for certain conditions
• Some dietary restrictions may be challenging
• Concerns with it including alcohol intake
• May fall short on some nutrients
• No specific guidelines to follow
• Can be time consuming

Specific Health Benefits of the Mediterranean Diet

As a result of the high fibre intake from whole foods, and the avoidance of refined sugars and grains, the Mediterranean Diet can help prevent blood sugar fluctuations and may improve cholesterol levels (1).

The Mediterranean Diet can also positively affect physical and mental well-being. It is associated with decreased risk of heart disease, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases (2,3,4,5).

Multiple studies have determined that the Mediterranean Diet can assist with weight loss, help prevent heart attacks and strokes, reduce the likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes, and decreases premature death (6). One long term study showed that the risk of combined heart attack, stroke, and death from heart disease was 31% lower and appeared to reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes by 52% (6).

What We Think?

The societal movement back to more traditional diets is a positive dietary trend. The Mediterranean Diet offers loose guidelines for overall healthy eating that the average person consuming a standard Western diet would benefit from, especially if care is given to moderate alcohol intake.

Vegetarian Diet

Vegetarian Diets have been followed for centuries, maybe millennia, in regions the world over – from Israel to India. In modern day, it’s a common misconception vegetarians are generally healthy, but this sometimes is not the case. A healthy vegetarian will focus on whole foods, but nowadays there are many vegetarians that will fill up on refined grains and sugars, which in combination with the avoidance of meat and seafood, puts individuals at high risk of nutrient deficiencies.

What Is A Vegetarian Diet?

While following a Vegetarian Diet, individuals avoid meat products. However, there are several versions of vegetarian diets:

• lacto-ovo vegetarians eat both eggs and dairy products
• lacto vegetarians eat dairy products but not eggs
• ovo vegetarians eat eggs but not dairy products

Ideally focussed on whole foods such as fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds, fresh dairy, eggs, legumes, lentils and whole grains. Vegetarians need to take special care to ensure they are consuming adequate vitamin B12, calcium, iron, and zinc. The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics warns of the risk of vitamin B12 deficiencies in vegetarians.

Pros

• Possible reduced risk of disease
• May boost longevity
• May increase food variety
• Improved weight control compared to a standard Western diet
• Reduced food costs
• Less environmental impact
• Ethical treatment of animals

Cons

• Possible nutrient deficiencies
• Fewer food choices
• Reduced satiety
• Less convenient
• Not always healthy
• Difficult if eating out or dining at others homes

Specific Health Benefits of the Vegetarian Diet

There is ample research on the vegetarian diet. In a large cohort study evaluating vegetarian diets, researchers found that the group experienced a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases, cardio-metabolic risk factors, and some cancers (7).

Vegetarians may be up to one-third less likely to die or be hospitalized for heart disease (8) and had half the risk of developing type 2 diabetes compared with non-vegetarians (9).

Osteoporosis rates are also lower in countries where people eat mostly vegetarian diets (10).

Several studies have shown that people who follow a plant-based diet may lose more weight than those who do not (11). A review of studies including over 1,100 participants determined those consuming a vegetarian diet for 18 weeks lost 4.5 pounds (2 kg) more than participants who weren’t (12). However, there are many other diets that provide even more effective weight loss and weight management, so vegetarianism may not be the optimal weight loss diet.

What We Think?

Vegetarianism, done well, can be a therapeutic diet for those addressing cardiovascular conditions or some forms of cancer. Additionally, for individuals particularly concerned with their environmental impact and/or the ethical treatment of animals, the vegetarian diet addresses many of those concerns without the elevated risk of nutritional deficiencies associated with a vegan diet (where eggs and dairy products are avoided in addition to meat and seafood).

The “Flexitarian” Diet

The diet was developed by nutritionist Dawn Jackson Blatner. She believes that eating a vegetarian diet is healthiest, but recognizes that giving up meat isn’t something everyone is willing to do. Plus, it enables individuals to get some of those key nutrients found in meat such as B12 and iron. She designed a balance that keeps meat in the diet but consumed at a reduced amount and consists of healthy foods to help lose and maintain a healthy weight.

What Is The “Flexitarian” Diet?

The Flexitarian Diet is a meal plan focuses on a vegetarian based diet with consumption of some meat and fish on occasion. Flexitarians limit processed foods and eat more whole foods.

Pros

• Emphasizes nutritious foods
• Easy to accommodate personal preferences or needs
• Budget-friendly and sustainable
• Supports weight loss
• May reduce risk of diabetes

Cons

• May be difficult for daily meat-eaters to follow
• Potentially low iron intake
• Additional guidance may be necessary for those with diabetes

Specific Health Benefits of the “Flexitarian” Diet

Since “Flexitarian” diets are relatively new, there limited evidence addressing it specifically, but it is expected to offer many of the same benefits as a vegetarian diet while offsetting some of the negatives with adhering strictly to vegetarianism or veganism.

What We Think?

There are no specific rules to follow on a “Flexitarian” Diet, making it an appealing option for many individuals and allowing the space to tap in to what your body is feeling day-to-day or week-to-week and adjusting accordingly. A “Flexitarian” Diet can easily be tailored to suit your own nutritional needs and health goals, which we love.

“Paleo”

The “Paleo” Diet also referred to as the Paleolithic Diet, Stone Age diet, hunter-gatherer diet and caveman diet has become increasingly popular over the past decade. It is based on eating the way our early ancestors did.

What is the Paleo Diet?

The basic Paleo Diet consists of whole foods including: animals (meat, fish, reptiles, insects, etc.) with a focus on “nose to tail” eating consuming almost all parts of the animals, including organs, bone marrow, and cartilage; animal products such as eggs or honey; vegetables and fruits; and nuts and seeds that can be eaten raw. While following the Paleo Diet foods that became common when farming emerged about 10,000 years ago are avoided including: dairy products, legumes, grains and, of course, processed foods.

 Specific Health Benefits of the Paleo Diet

There are many health benefits to following a Paleo Diet. In 2017, when researchers compared people whose diets most closely matched the attributes of a Paleo Diet to those whose diets least matched, they found a lower risk of all cause mortality, cancer  mortality, and cardiovascular disease mortality in those that followed the Paleo Diet (13).

Research has shown that participants that followed the diet had improved body composition. One study, in which participants followed the diet for just 3 weeks lost an average of 5lbs per person, as well as experiencing slight reductions in their waist circumference and systolic blood pressure (14).

There is emerging research on possible benefits for patients with MS, and other autoimmune conditions.

Pros

• Rich in nutrient-dense foods
• Helps some people lose weight
• May promote heart health
• Linked to longevity
• Avoids many common food allergens/triggers

Cons

• Eliminates entire food groups
• Unclear impact on gut health
• Small risk of iodine deficiency
• Costly and time-intensive
• Difficult to follow long term

In Summary

Bottom line, everyone’s biochemistry is different. The ideal diet for one person might not necessary be the best approach for the next. It really is true that there is no one diet out there that fits everyone.

Your health goals are, what disease or health conditions that you are struggling with, along with your individual genetics and biochemistry – all must be considered together to determine what dietary strategy is best for you.

We would love to help you on your health journey by creating an effective dietary plan that fits for your goals and lifestyle! To find out what is the best approach for you, please reach out to us at Koru Nutrition or book with us today!

 

References

1.Mediterranean diet adherence is related to reduced probability of prodromal Parkinson’s disease (2019, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)

2. Mediterranean diet: A heart-healthy eating plan (2019, mayoclinic.org)

3. Role of Mediterranean diet on the prevention of Alzheimer disease (2017, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)

4. The Mediterranean Diet and Cardiovascular Health (2019, ahajournals.org)

5. https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/5-studies-on-the-mediterranean-diet

6. Le, L., Sabaté, J. (2014). Beyond Meatless, the Health Effects of Vegan Diets: Findings from the Adventist Cohorts. Nutrients, 6(6), 2131–2147. doi:10.3390/nu6062131

7. https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/97/3/597/4571519

8. https://www.healthline.com/health/type-2-diabetes

9. https://www.pcrm.org/veganstarterkit

10. https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/maintain-weight-loss#TOC_TITLE_HDR_2

11. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26138004/

12. Whalen KA, Judd S, McCullough ML, Flanders WD, Hartman TJ, Bostick RM. Paleolithic and Mediterranean Diet Pattern Scores Are Inversely Associated with All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in Adults. J Nutr. 2017;147(4):612–620. doi:10.3945/jn.116.241919

13. Osterdahl M, et al. Effects of a short-term intervention with a paleolithic diet in healthy volunteers. Trusted Source European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2008.

 

Current polls suggest that as many as 4 in 10 Canadians are experiencing anxiety. The mental and emotional toll anxiety can take on a person can be significant, and the physical symptoms that can come from having anxiety can also be uncomfortable and unpleasant – headaches, nausea, chest pain or shortness of breath, restlessness and insomnia, fatigue, and poor immune function are just some of the physical manifestations of anxiety. In short, many Canadians are suffering.

Thankfully, as we covered in a recent blog post, there are simple dietary and lifestyle habits that can be implemented to help reduce anxiety. In this blog post, we’ll be exploring our Top 10 Foods to potentially help you get some relief from your anxiety symptoms.

Eggs

Eggs are one of the most economical food sources of Vitamin D3, the sunshine vitamin. Optimizing Vitamin D has been shown to be effective at reducing the symptoms of anxiety (1). Plus, they are protein-packed, which can help promote balanced blood sugar levels, which in turn promotes a more even mood. If you’ve ever been “hangry”, then you’ve experiences some of the mood instability that can occur with poorly managed blood sugar levels. Consuming adequate amounts of protein-rich foods such as eggs, is one step toward controlling blood sugar levels.

Eggs also contain an important amino acid, tryptophan, used to make serotonin in the body. Serotonin is an essential neurotransmitter that regulates mood, sleep, memory and behaviour. And as if all that wasn’t enough, eggs also offer a large dose of choline, an essential nutrient that supports brain and nervous system function, including mood and memory.

Boiled eggs are an easy food to keep on hand to slice and toss on a salad, or just peel and eat for a snack when you don’t feel like cooking. Boiled eggs can be stored in the fridge, for 7 days in the fridge, so make a batch for the week and this will be a great grab and go snack. You can also use eggs in baked goods, frittatas or quiches, omelettes and more!

Salmon

Studies have shown that salmon consumption three times per week can significantly decrease anxiety. (2) Salmon is not only delicious and another good source of vitamin D, it’s also full of healthy, brain-building omega-3 fats! Consuming adequate amounts of EPA and DHA may also promote your brain’s ability to adapt to changes, allowing a person to better handle stressors that can trigger anxiety symptoms. (3) Salmon also contains Vitamin B12 which helps convert amino acids (the building blocks of protein) into neurotransmitters that send messages within our brain and nervous system and help regulate many functions including mood.

If you are not a big fan of consuming fish, take an omega-3 supplement. Researchers found that people who took high doses of omega-3s (up to 2,000 mg a day) seemed to have the most reduction in anxiety symptoms. (4)

Salmon is enjoyable baked, fried, or barbequed! Plus, we have several sources of recipe inspiration to get you cooking up more salmon, including Salmon Avocado Toast, Smoked Salmon Egg Cups, and Salmon Chowder.

Spinach

Increasing your intake of fruits and vegetables can improve feelings of wellbeing in as little as 2 weeks! (5) In one study, participants who were given three extra servings of fruits and vegetables per day for just two weeks felt improvements in their vitality and motivation, although the study authors note that longer-term intervention is necessary to impact anxiety levels. Focussing on consuming a variety of nutrient dense plant foods is a cornerstone of solid nutrition that, in turn, supports our body and mind.

Spinach is high in dietary fibre, which, along with protein and healthy fats, assists in balancing blood sugar levels. Generally speaking, with more stable blood sugar levels come more stable moods. (6) Spinach is also rich in B-vitamins, which are known to support nervous system functioning, brain health, and boost energy levels.

While spinach is a great option… don’t forget about other leafy greens such as kale, beet greens, Swiss chard, bok choy, cabbage, and collards. These leafy green vegetables have many of the same nutritional benefits!

Turmeric

Curcumin, the bioactive compound found in the culinary spice turmeric, is a powerful anti-inflammatory. In studies, curcumin has been shown to be as effective at reducing anxiety, depression, and PTSD symptoms as leading SSRI prescription medications. (7) It is believed that curcumin may help boost serotonin and dopamine, two of our “feel good” neurotransmitters.

Turmeric is well-know for it’s distinct flavour in curries, like our Coconut Chicken Curry and Zoodles, whereas, the extract curcumin, is available in many supplement forms.

Jicama

Jicama is a low calorie tuber, native to Mexico and Central America. It has all the comforting feeling of other starches (like potatoes), but without spiking blood sugar levels, which as you’ll recall from above helps maintain a more even mood!

Jicama also contains inulin, a fibre that supports gut health by feeding the good bacteria in our intestinal tract. Our gut and brain are intricately connected via a pathway dubbed the “gut-brain axis”. When attempting to reduce anxiety symptoms, it is imperative to strengthen gut health as an unhealthy gastrointestinal system can be a cause of anxiety. (8)

If jicama isn’t available in your area, other healthy, slow-digesting carbohydrate options include sweet potatoes, winter squashes, beets and turnips.

Sardines

For many of you, including sardines in your diet may mean trying something new! Like other oily fish, sardines contain large amounts of omega-3 fatty acids. You brain is made of approximately one third Omega-3 fats. So, to keep your brain functioning well, consuming Omega-3s is critical! In addition to omega-3s, sardines contain Vitamin D, Vitamin B12 and the antioxidant mineral selenium. Studies show the lower the levels of selenium in the diet, the higher the reports of fatigue and mood disorders such as anxiety and depression. (9)

Making a paté is an easy and tasty way to introduce yourself to sardines!

If you aren’t interested in sardines, other oily fish include mackerel, herring, and Arctic char.

Cashews

In addition to containing a blood sugar balancing combination of proteins, fats, and fibre; cashews also contain an important amino acid called typtophan. Tryptophan is used within our body to create the neurotransmitter serotonin, which helps boost mood in folks with both depression and anxiety.

Most nuts have brain-boosting omega-3 fats and antioxidant vitamin E. Anxiety is believed to be correlated with overall lower levels of antioxidants. (10) The vitamin E in cashews and other nuts, is the most abundant fat-soluable antioxidant in the human bodies, so optimizing our intake of this vitamin may improve our overall antioxidant status, and therefore reduce anxiety levels.

Cashews are a great snack option, because you can just grab them and go! Cashew butter is delicious as a fruit or vegetable dip, as the base of creamy sauces or salad dressings, and in granola or these Coconut Yogurt Clusters. If you don’t love cashews, you could reach for almonds, pecans or walnuts instead!

Sauerkraut

We’ve written in more depth about the connection between gut health and mood, here and here. But for the purposes of this blog post, suffice it to say, probiotics and the fermented foods that provide them, are key to the health of our digestive system – which is where we manufacture 95% of our serotonin! You may recall from above that serotonin is the neurotransmitter believed to regulate anxiety, happiness and mood, among other things.

If sauerkraut isn’t your favourite, other naturally fermented foods such as pickles, pickled carrots or beets, kimchi, and yogurt also boast probiotic benefits. We recommend trying to include some type of fermented food daily. A scoop of sauerkraut with dinner, some kefir in a smoothie, maybe a tablespoon of kimchi on your salad, or some pickle juice in a salad dressing; a little goes a long way to building a diverse microbiome, a happy gut, and a balanced mood!

Pumpkin Seeds

Pumpkin seeds are a tasty way to add some crunch to your day, even if you are nut free. These little green gems, also known as pepitas, are a rich source of protein and the minerals potassium and zinc. Zinc modulates nearly countless neurological actions in the brain, and zinc deficiency is associated with many brain disorders, ranging from anxiety to Alzheimer’s. (11)

One study noted, that raising levels of zinc in the body helped to raise GABA levels. And because GABA is primarily known as a calming neurotransmitter, increasing GABA levels in turn reduced anxiety levels (12).

Chocolate

You have likely heard of theobromine. It’s the part of chocolate that is toxic to dogs, but in humans it acts as a vasodilator, relaxing smooth muscles and enhancing blood flow to the brain. Less well known is anandamide, the “bliss chemical” which, when consumed, produces a feeling of euphoria. And perhaps even more obscure, Phenylethylamine (PEA) known as the “love chemical”. PEA increases signals to the nervous system that increase the release of endorphins, promoting alertness and focus while elevating mood and boosting memory.

In one study, individuals who consumed 74% dark chocolate twice daily for two weeks had improved levels of stress hormones commonly associated with anxiety, such as catecholamines and cortisol. (13) Eating dark chocolate has also been shown to increase levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin, which is our happy neurotransmitter and this may help reduce the stress that leads to anxiety (14, 15)

We bet we won’t have to do much convincing for you to include a little dark chocolate in your day! In recent years, chocolate avocado pudding has been popular. But, in case you need an extra little nudge, we’ve got you covered with some awesome chocolatey recipes like this Hot Chocolate Elixir, Chocolate Cauliflower Shake, JuicePlus Chocolate Bark, Cranberry Pistachio Bark, or Black Bean Brownies.

• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6390422/
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25431880/
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4540034/).
• https://www.health.harvard.edu/mind-and-mood/omega-3s-for-anxiety
• https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/315781
• https://sph.umich.edu/pursuit/2019posts/mood-blood-sugar-kujawski.html
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6029466/
• https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/the-gut-brain-connection
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1873372/
• https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/nutritional-strategies-to-ease-anxiety-201604139441
• https://www.jneuropsychiatry.org/peer-review/the-role-of-zinc-in-mood-disorders.pdf
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3738454
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3397353/
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3575938/
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2568977/